![]() There are also two copies of the Book of the Dead, one belonging to Tshemmin the daughter of Eskhons and the other to a women named Neferirnub. The first is a Book of Breathings belonging to a man named Hor the son of Usirwer. These papyri fragments came from three separate papyri rolls containing ancient Egyptian religious texts. The papyri fragments found in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art were purchased from the family of Alice Heusser, whose mother had been a nurse for Abel Combs before he died and to whom he had willed the papyri fragments on his death. These papyri were donated to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1967 and are now kept in the Church archives. Aziz Atiyah, a professor at the University of Utah, found eleven papyri fragments in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art that were clearly part of the papyri that Joseph Smith had in his possession. The two mummies and some papyri remained on display in the museum until it was destroyed in the Chicago fire of 1871.įor many years, it was assumed that all the papyri were destroyed in this fire. ![]() Louis Museum closed and was moved to Chicago, Illinois. Soon thereafter Combs sold at least two of the mummies and several of the papyri to the St. On 26 May, Emma Smith Bidamon, the remarried widow of Joseph Smith, sold them to Abel Combs. It was from these papyri that Joseph Smith translated the book of Abraham.Īfter Joseph Smith’s death in 1844, the mummies and papyri remained in the possession of his mother, Lucy Smith, until her death on. He met with Joseph Smith, who indicated interest in the papyri, and Chandler then decided to sell the remaining mummies and papyri to him. At this point, he now had only four of the original eleven mummies he had purchased in New York. ![]() In July 1835, Chandler arrived in Kirtland, Ohio, to display the mummies and papyri. For the next two years he traveled around the northeastern United States displaying the mummies and selling one now and then as the opportunity arose. When he first obtained the mummies, Chandler, hoping to find something of value, unwrapped them and found several papyri in the mummy wrappings. The mummies were sent to New York, where Michael H. Sometime between then and his death on 19 February 1830, he arranged with the Albano Oblasser Shipping Company in Trieste to sell the eleven mummies he had brought back from Egypt. In 1822, Lebolo returned to his native town of Castellamonte in Italy, taking eleven of these mummies with him. Sometime between 18, Antonio Lebolo, who was working as superintendent of the archaeological excavations for Bernardino Drovetti in upper Egypt, discovered many mummies in a tomb in Thebes. ![]() The three facsimiles found in the book of Abraham all derive from ancient Egyptian papyri that Joseph Smith obtained in Kirtland in 1835. Topics I cover when I teach the facsimiles include the history of the papyri, the questions critics have raised concerning the facsimiles and the papyri as they relate to the book of Abraham, answers to these criticisms, and the evidence that supports Joseph Smith’s interpretations of the facsimiles. In this article, I will pass on my own experience gained while teaching about the facsimiles and the Pearl of Great Price at Brigham Young University. Critics of the Church have raised numerous questions about them and the associated papyri, and students often ask about these criticisms. One of the most difficult aspects of teaching the book of Abraham is dealing with the three facsimiles found there. Rhodes wa s an associate professor of ancient scripture at BYU when this was written.įacsimile 1, printed in the Times and Seasons, 1 March 1842. ![]()
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